Null objects in Polish heritage language acquisition in contact with German
نویسندگان
چکیده
Aims and objectives: This study investigates the acquisition of referential expressions for direct objects by child heritage speakers Polish living in Germany. Our main research questions are how object expression develops bilingual children whether their path or pace differs from monolingual children. Methodology: We investigate use an elicited production task. In all, 39 Polish-German participated test. Data analysis: compare data four age groups – 3- to 4-year-olds, 5- 6-year-olds, 7- 8-year-olds, 9- 10-year-olds each other at respective ages. For analysis participants’ responses, we ran a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with multinominal dependent variable. Findings: The results show that language (HL) display knowledge semantic pragmatic constraints realization early stages on. However, 5 up 9 10, they still produce high rates inappropriate null deceleration development this knowledge, compared protracted is attributed reduced input HL, mainly due enrolment majority school. Originality: first span 3 10 years. Significance: relates higher varying degrees exposure HL during development. Deceleration 6 years prolonged stage integrating rules syntactic knowledge.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Journal of Bilingualism
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1756-6878', '1367-0069']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069221132382